In 42 strains, including 18 strains with SNP(s), gene losses spanning 17 different genes were detected. In 32 of these, a single SNP was detected while two SNPs were identified in a total of nine strains.

Whole-genome sequence analysis of 109 spontaneous phage-resistant mutant strains revealed 41 mutants with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in their core genome. Here, we demonstrate that the strictly lytic Escherichia phage vB_EcoM-P10 rapidly selected for resistance in the APEC ST95 O1 strain AM621. The understanding of the phage-host interactions, as well as underlying mechanisms of resistance, have shown to be essential for the development of a successful phage therapy.

However, a major concern for the successful implementation of phage therapy is the emergence of phage-resistant mutants. The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens has renewed the interest in the therapeutic use of bacteriophages (phages). 4Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DenmarkĪvian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is one of the most important bacterial pathogens affecting poultry worldwide.3Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.1Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.

Sørensen 1,2* Sharmin Baig 3 Marc Stegger 3 Hanne Ingmer 4 An Garmyn 1 Patrick Butaye 1,2

Vimr lab phage